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General Information

Course ID (CB01A and CB01B)
HTEC D085D
Course Title (CB02)
Clinical Chemistry II Lecture
Course Credit Status
Credit - Degree Applicable
Effective Term
Fall 2023
Course Description
This is a continuation of the Clinical Chemistry I lecture. The course teaches relationships between the endocrine system, organ systems, specialty areas, and the clinical correlation of each area. This course along with Clinical Chemistry II Laboratory must be successfully completed in order to qualify for the clinical chemistry practicum.
Faculty Requirements
Course Family
Not Applicable

Course Justification

This course is CSU transferable and part of a CTE program. This is a course that was developed based on the National Accrediting Agency of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and California State Department of Public Health accreditation standards required for Medical Laboratory Technicians' training programs. This course belongs on the Certification of Proficiency-Advanced. This course is designed to introduce the student to advanced clinical chemistry theoretical concepts used in the chemistry and special chemistry departments of the clinical laboratory.

Foothill Equivalency

Does the course have a Foothill equivalent?
No
Foothill Course ID

Course Philosophy

Formerly Statement

Course Development Options

Basic Skill Status (CB08)
Course is not a basic skills course.
Grade Options
  • Letter Grade
  • Pass/No Pass
Repeat Limit
0

Transferability & Gen. Ed. Options

Transferability
Transferable to CSU only

Units and Hours

Summary

Minimum Credit Units
4.5
Maximum Credit Units
4.5

Weekly Student Hours

TypeIn ClassOut of Class
Lecture Hours4.59.0
Laboratory Hours0.00.0

Course Student Hours

Course Duration (Weeks)
12.0
Hours per unit divisor
36.0
Course In-Class (Contact) Hours
Lecture
54.0
Laboratory
0.0
Total
54.0
Course Out-of-Class Hours
Lecture
108.0
Laboratory
0.0
NA
0.0
Total
108.0

Prerequisite(s)

HTEC D085C

Corequisite(s)

HTEC D085B

Advisory(ies)

Limitation(s) on Enrollment

Entrance Skill(s)

General Course Statement(s)

Methods of Instruction

Lecture and visual aids

Discussion of assigned reading

Discussion and problem solving performed in class

Quiz and examination review performed in class

Homework and extended projects

Collaborative learning and small group exercises

Assignments

  1. Readings from the required text and supplemental sources.
  2. Collaborative learning exercises such as analysis of case studies, completion of investigative activities and other exercises designed to reinforce course content and allow for the application of subject matter.

Methods of Evaluation

  1. Class activity - Discussions and oral question and answer sessions that test comprehension and require synthesis and application of course material.
  2. Critical thinking assignments - analysis of case studies and completion of investigative questions designed to reinforce course content and allow for the application of subject matter.
  3. Problem solving - Case studies evaluate the students ability to apply critical thinking skills to a clinical situation.
  4. Objective tests - written test examination requiring students to apply theoretical concepts presented in this class to given situations and scenarios.
  5. Quizzes - Quizzes designed to cover each laboratory session require students to apply recently presented course material to given situations and scenarios on a routine basis and help identify any areas that may need extra attention.
  6. Comprehensive final exam - written test requiring the student to demonstrate their ability to summarize, integrate and critically analyze concepts examined throughout the course

Essential Student Materials/Essential College Facilities

Essential Student Materials
  • ±·´Ç²Ô±ð.Ìý
Essential College Facilities
  • None.

Examples of Primary Texts and References

AuthorTitlePublisherDate/EditionISBN
Bishop, Michael L., Fody, Edward P., Van Siclen, Carleen, Mistler,James March, Moy, MichelleClinical Chemistry Principles, Techniques, and CorrelationsJones and Bartlett Learning2023 9th Edition13-978-1496335586
Doucette, Lorraine J.Mathematics for the Clinical LaboratoryElsevier4th Edition978-0-323-55482-4

Examples of Supporting Texts and References

None.

Learning Outcomes and Objectives

Course Objectives

  • Discuss the biochemical and physiology of proteins including metabolic pathways.
  • Examine the biochemical theory and physiology of non-protein-nitrogen substances (NPNS) commonly analyzed in the clinical laboratory, identify clinically significant results, relate laboratory results to metabolism, chemical and physical properties.
  • Recognize the normal structure and function of the liver, the pathology associated with it and the laboratory tests used to aid in the diagnosis of liver disorders.
  • Illustrate renal anatomy and physiology and describe analytic procedures available to diagnose, monitor and treat kidney function.
  • Describe lipid chemistry, lipoprotein metabolism, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and laboratory tests used to measure lipids and lipoproteins.
  • Discuss the physiology of pancreatic and GI function, diseases and laboratory testing associated with both.
  • Summarize the multifunctional affect hormones have on physiologic functions and body organs.
  • Discuss the biosynthesis, secretion, transport, and action of the sex steroid and gonadotropins.
  • Explain the adrenal gland's function in maintaining blood pressure, potassium, glucose and homeostasis.
  • Discuss the pathophysiology of tumors presented including the role of tumor markers in cancer management.
  • Discuss the biosynthesis, secretion, transport, and action of the thyroid hormones.
  • Summarize the regulation of blood calcium by hormonal control, including the consequences of abnormal hormones.
  • Examine the concept and clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
  • Categorize common toxins or poisons with physiological effects and pathological mechanisms.
  • Identify the source of body fluids that are routinely analyzed in the clinical laboratory.
  • Explain the value of good customer service in a laboratory.

CSLOs

  • Identify normal and abnormal patient laboratory results and correlate these results with possible disease states.

Outline

  1. Discuss the biochemical and physiology of proteins including metabolic pathways.
    1. List at least five general causes of abnormal serum protein concentrations.
    2. Describe the principle of the methods used for both qualitative and quantitative determination and identification of urine proteins.
    3. Differentiate the types of proteinuria on the basis of etiology and type of protein found in the urine.
    4. Differentiate reference intervals for total protein and albumin from abnormal values and discuss any nonpathologic factors that influence the levels.
    5. Correlate diseases associated with alternations in cerebrospinal fluid patterns.
    6. Evaluate protein fraction patterns when given a densitometric scan of a serum protein electrophoresis using the routine method of five zones. Correctly diagnose each normal or abnormal protein.
    7. Correlate patient results with associated disease states, disorders or pre-analytical issues.
  2. Examine the biochemical theory and physiology of non-protein-nitrogen substances (NPNS) commonly analyzed in the clinical laboratory, identify clinically significant results, relate laboratory results to metabolism, chemical and physical properties.
    1. List the nonprotein nitrogen components of the blood.
    2. Summarize specimen collection, transport and storage requirements necessary for the determination of nonprotein nitrogen compounds.
    3. Perform calculations for creatinine clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
    4. Calculate 24-hour creatinine excretion.
  3. Recognize the normal structure and function of the liver, the pathology associated with it and the laboratory tests used to aid in the diagnosis of liver disorders.
    1. Summarize the function and structure of the liver to include anatomic and microscopic characteristics.
    2. Differentiate between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in the blood.
    3. Define jaundice and differentiate prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic jaundice.
    4. Discuss liver disorders and appropriate laboratory tests needed for diagnosis.
    5. Summarize specimen considerations, interference and reference ranges.
    6. Identify the various types of hepatitis to include cause, transmission, occurrence, alternate name, physiology, diagnosis and treatment.
    7. Apply knowledge of liver function to solve case studies presented.
  4. Illustrate renal anatomy and physiology and describe analytic procedures available to diagnose, monitor and treat kidney function.
    1. Diagram the kidney and the major components of the nephron.
    2. Describe the physiologic role of each part of the nephron.
    3. Describe the mechanisms by which the kidney maintains fluid and electrolyte balance in conjunction with hormones.
    4. Correlate laboratory test results with glomerulus and tubules disorders.
    5. Apply knowledge of renal physiology and disease to solve case studies presented.
  5.  Describe lipid chemistry, lipoprotein metabolism, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and laboratory tests used to measure lipids and lipoproteins.
    1. Describe the structure of fatty acids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol.
    2. Identify the laboratory tests used to assess lipids and lipoproteins.
    3. Interpret the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein values in the assessment of coronary heart disease.
    4. Correlate common lipid disorders with clinical and laboratory data.
  6. Discuss the physiology of pancreatic and GI function, diseases and laboratory testing associated with both.
    1. Relate the physiologic role of the pancreas to the digestive process.
    2. Identify the hormones and physiologic role of hormones released by the pancreas.
    3. Describe the physiology and biochemistry of gastric secretion.
    4. Identify laboratory tests used to assess pancreatic and intestinal function.
    5. Correlate laboratory data with possible pancreatic and GI tract conditions or diseases.
  7. Summarize the multifunctional affect hormones have on physiologic functions and body organs.
    1. Identify and differentiate the functions of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and the anterior and posterior pituitary glands.
    2. Diagram the anatomic relationship between the pituitary and the hypothalamus.
    3. Explain the open-loop negative feedback and relate its function to hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine target gland loops.
    4. Discuss the regulation of prolactin secretion.
    5. Correlate the clinical features, diagnostic testing and laboratory results for hormones discussed.
  8. Discuss the biosynthesis, secretion, transport, and action of the sex steroid and gonadotropins.
    1. Differentiate the hypothalamic-pituitary -ovarian and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axes and the regulation of sex steroid and gonadotropin hormone production.
    2. Interpret laboratory results with regard to suspected gonadal disorders, given a patient's presentation and clinical data.
    3. Select appropriate laboratory tests to effectively evaluate or monitor patients with suspected gonadal disease.
    4. Summarize causes of infertility in both males and females.
  9. Explain the adrenal gland's function in maintaining blood pressure, potassium, glucose and homeostasis.
    1. Discuss the pathophysiology of adrenal cortex disorders, namely Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease.
    2. Interpret laboratory data, predicting a correct diagnosis of primary, secondary Cushing's disease or Addison's disease.
    3. Differentiate the adrenal enzyme deficiencies and their blocking pathways in establishing a diagnosis.
    4. Apply knowledge of adrenal function to address case studies.
  10. Discuss the pathophysiology of tumors presented including the role of tumor markers in cancer management.
    1. Classify the major tumor types according to their associated marker and the clinical usefulness of that marker.
    2. Specify the definitive laboratory test for making a diagnosis of cancer.
    3. Correlate tumor marker results with associated cancers.
  11. Discuss the biosynthesis, secretion, transport, and action of the thyroid hormones.
    1. Specify the recommended diagnostic test to screen for thyroid dysfunction.
    2. Correlate laboratory information with suspected thyroid disorders.
    3. Differential between primary, secondary and tertiary thyroid disorders.
    4. Apply theoretical knowledge of thyroid function to case studies presented.
  12. Summarize the regulation of blood calcium by hormonal control, including the consequences of abnormal hormones.
    1. Explain the role of Vitamin D as it relates to Calcium and PTH in the feedback loops.
    2. Describe the endocrine function and physiology of the parathyroid gland.
    3. Discuss laboratory tests used to evaluate the function of the parathyroid gland.
    4. Correlate laboratory results to clinical disease states involving the parathyroid gland.
    5. Apply theoretical knowledge of parathyroid function to solve case studies presented.
  13. Examine the concept and clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
    1. Discuss the characteristics of a drug that make therapeutic drug monitoring essential.
    2. Identify the key factors that influence the absorption of an orally administered drug.
    3. Relate factors that influence the rate of drug elimination.
    4. State specimen collection and handling requirements for therapeutic drug monitoring.
    5. Correlate drug concentrations to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.
    6. Apply knowledge of therapeutic drug monitoring to interpret laboratory results.
  14. Categorize common toxins or poisons with physiological effects and pathological mechanisms.
    1. Discuss specimen collection, handling, and processing for toxicology testing.
    2. Evaluate toxicity in the clinical laboratory when given patient test results.
    3. Specify the role of the laboratorian in the evaluation of exposure to toxins and poisons.
    4. Correlate patient results to suspected poisoning cases, and recommend additional testing.
  15. Identify the source of body fluids that are routinely analyzed in the clinical laboratory.
    1. Describe the physiologic purpose of amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, sweat, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid and peritoneal fluid.
    2. Discuss the clinical utility and methods used to test amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, sweat, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid and peritoneal fluid.
    3. Correlate patient status when given appropriate laboratory results obtained from discussed fluids.
    4. Differentiate between a transudate and an exudate, both in terms of their respective causes and laboratory results associated with each.
  16. Explain the value of good customer service in a laboratory.
    1. Identify who are the clinical laboratory's "customers".
    2. Discuss how MLT's can use good customer service, given scenarios of laboratory situations.
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