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General Information

Course ID (CB01A and CB01B)
NAISD016.
Course Title (CB02)
California Native Americans
Course Credit Status
Credit - Degree Applicable
Effective Term
Fall 2023
Course Description
This course examines the lives and experiences of California Native Americans - past and present. Students will survey California Natives' pre-historic pasts, diverse cultures, and histories from a Native perspective. The course includes a study of oral and cultural traditions, up to and inclusive of contemporary American Indian issues, along with a special focus on selected California Native American tribal communities.
Faculty Requirements
Course Family
Not Applicable

Course Justification

This course is UC and CSU transferable and meets a general education requirement for °®¶¹´«Ã½, CSU GE, and IGETC. This course belongs on the Intercultural Studies AA degree. The course provides a broader view of California's history by offering students an opportunity to examine the pre- and post-contact periods and offers students a unique "insider" perspective of what happened to California Indians' lives. Students will also understand the changes for California Indians' lives in the 20th and 21st centuries due to Indian gaming and self-determination.

Foothill Equivalency

Does the course have a Foothill equivalent?
No
Foothill Course ID

Course Philosophy

Formerly Statement

Formerly Statement
(Formerly ICS D042.)

Course Development Options

Basic Skill Status (CB08)
Course is not a basic skills course.
Grade Options
  • Letter Grade
  • Pass/No Pass
Repeat Limit
0

Transferability & Gen. Ed. Options

Transferability
Transferable to both UC and CSU
°®¶¹´«Ã½ GEArea(s)StatusDetails
2GDX°®¶¹´«Ã½ GE Area D - Social and Behavioral SciencesApproved
CSU GEArea(s)StatusDetails
CGDYCSU GE Area D - Social SciencesApproved
IGETCArea(s)StatusDetails
IG4XIGETC Area 4 - Social and Behavioral SciencesApproved

Units and Hours

Summary

Minimum Credit Units
4.0
Maximum Credit Units
4.0

Weekly Student Hours

TypeIn ClassOut of Class
Lecture Hours4.08.0
Laboratory Hours0.00.0

Course Student Hours

Course Duration (Weeks)
12.0
Hours per unit divisor
36.0
Course In-Class (Contact) Hours
Lecture
48.0
Laboratory
0.0
Total
48.0
Course Out-of-Class Hours
Lecture
96.0
Laboratory
0.0
NA
0.0
Total
96.0

Prerequisite(s)

Corequisite(s)

Advisory(ies)

EWRT D001A or EWRT D01AH or ESL D005.

Limitation(s) on Enrollment

Entrance Skill(s)

General Course Statement(s)

(See general education pages for the requirements this course meets.)

Methods of Instruction

Lecture(oral with and without visual aids)

Discussion of assigned reading

Discussion and problem solving in class

In-class essays

Exploration of California Native American Internet resources

Quiz and examination review performed in class

Homework and extended projects

Guest speakers

Collaborative learning and small group activities/exercises

Collaborative projects

Assignments

  1. Critical reading of journal/magazine, text, supplemental and library resource materials.
  2. Written Assignments
    1. Essay and short answer identification quizzes requiring summarization and interpretation.
    2. Written assessments demonstrating insightful synthesis and integration of assigned readings.
    3. Reporting formulated conclusions of in-class discussions and collaborative work.
    4. Note-taking from primary and secondary Native American Studies historical source materials.
  3. Oral Assignments: Participation in classroom discussions to examine key concepts, research project topics, assess student's skill in interpreting and debating relevant issues and other timely topics.
  4. Visual Assignments: View Native American film resources and cultural activities demonstrating comprehension of the "message" and ability to analyze and critique quality of the media viewed.
  5. Participation: Attendance at Native American community cultural events and classroom participation.
  6. Research Project: Guided research project that assesses a topic central to California American Indian historical tribal studies and its relevance to current issues.

Methods of Evaluation

  1. Reading Activities: student mastery evaluated through written and oral activities requiring synthesis, analysis and interpretation of key concepts of the course of study.
  2. Writing Activities: Essays assess student ability to take a historic view of past events with the purpose of evaluating the importance of the people and events of the past. Essays measure student ability to compare and evaluate phenomena, synthesize and revise historical data to support their own conclusions. Evaluation (to determine ability to accurately summarize and synthesize information) of note-taking using primary and secondary source materials for an individual research project to interpret a body of relevant information besides the required and recommended course texts.
  3. Oral Activities: Assessment of individual student contributions to class discussions, based on quality of synthesis, analysis and interpretation of key concepts of the course of study.
  4. Visual Activities: Written assessment, including short answer, short essay, or written quiz of activities viewed.
  5. Participation: Evaluation (based on demonstrated comprehension, summary, and/or critique) of student reviews of experiential American Indian community cultural events. Assessment of participation and contributions during classroom discussions and activities, based on quality of synthesis, analysis and interpretation of key concepts of the course of study.
  6. Research project: Research project demonstrates student growth in interpreting and synthesizing other than course required readings, and ability to critically appraise historical research topics and evaluate for relevancy of research materials.
  7. Examinations: Essay and objective midterm and comprehensive final examinations that evaluate retention and synthesis.

Essential Student Materials/Essential College Facilities

Essential Student Materials: 
  • None.
Essential College Facilities:
  • None.

Examples of Primary Texts and References

AuthorTitlePublisherDate/EditionISBN
Bauer, Jr., William J. "California through Native Eyes: Reclaiming History." University of Washington Press: 2016.
Kroeber, A.L. "Handbook of the Indians of California." Dover: 2012.
Lindsay, Brenden C. "Murder State: California's Native American Genocide, 1846-1873." University of Nebraska Press: 2012.
Margolin, Malcolm. "The Way We Lived: California Indian Stories, Songs and Reminiscences 2nd Edition." Heyday Books: 2017.
Phillips, George Harwood. "Chiefs and Challengers: Indian Resistance and Cooperation in Southern California, 1769-1906." University of Oklahoma Press: 2014.

Examples of Supporting Texts and References

AuthorTitlePublisher
Anderson, M. Kat. "Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources." University of California Press: 2013.
Field, Les W. "Abalone Tales: Collaborative Explorations of Sovereignty and Identity in Native California (Narrating Native Histories)." Duke University Press: 2008.
Hackel, Steven W. "Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769-1850." The University of North Carolina Press: 2005.
Hinton, Leanne. "Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages." Heyday Books: 2016.
Lindsay, Brendan C. "Murder State: California's Native American Genocide, 1846-1873." University of Nebraska Press: 2015.
Lightfoot, Kent and Otis Parrish. "California Indians and Their Environment: An Introduction (California Natural History Guides). University of California Press: 2009.
Madley, Benjamin. "An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873." Yale University Press: 2017.
Margolin, Malcolm, ed. "News From Native California: An Inside View of the California Indian World." Heyday Books, Berkeley, California: published four times yearly.
Sandos, Professor James A. "Converting California: Indians and Franciscans in the Missions." Yale University Press: 2008.
Sarris, Greg. "Mabel McKay: Weaving the Dream." University of California Press: 2012.

Learning Outcomes and Objectives

Course Objectives

  • Engage in a critical analysis of the nature of historiography, and Intercultural Studies of the Native American tribal cultures of California.
  • Differentiate, in order to compare and contrast traditional pre-contact through the present, California Native American tribal cultural diversity.
  • Assess the nature of tribal cultures, with emphasis on conflicts, accommodations, changes in gender roles and views of sexual orientations in California Native American societies, through a historical study of Indian-global contacts (Spanish, Russian, Mexican and American colonization).
  • Examine the "history" of the Native American indigenous people of the San Francisco Bay Area and evaluate the effects of colonization, "mission-ization," genocide, assimilation, and other cultural disruptions.
  • Consider and evaluate the legal status of the non-treaty California Indians through comparison with that of treaty tribes in California and other regions of the United States.
  • Consider and evaluate California Native American cultural, religious, and economic revitalization in the 21st century.

CSLOs

  • Actively engage in the prehistorical and historical complex California Native American multicultural past.

  • Assess the diversity, cultures and cultural changes of California Native American peoples over time.

  • Think critically about the effects of race/ethnicity, racialization, ethnocentrism, and colonialism on California Native American lived experiences, social struggles, and resistance as they pertain to current issues of identity and sovereignty.

  • Research local organizations that support the goals of Native American communities, and engage in community activities.

Outline

  1. Engage in a critical analysis of the nature of historiography, and Intercultural Studies of the Native American tribal cultures of California.
    1. Nature of historiography
      1. As written reconstruction of the past
      2. As the discipline reflects the interests, perspectives, gender and cultural biases of the historian
      3. Use of Western and California Native American primary sources
    2. Examine and engage in a critical analysis of the nature of and development of Western historical-intercultural study of the Native Americans, while wemphasizing California.
    3. Native American centered study of indigenous cultures of California
      1. Emic versus etic views of California Native American tribal cultures
      2. Diachronic and synchronic views of Native American tribal cultures
      3. California "Native American perspectives" of American history
      4. Development of Native American Studies as an academic field of study
  2. Differentiate, in order to compare and contrast traditional pre-contact through the present, California Native American tribal cultural diversity.
    1. The peopling of the continent (350,000 to 20,000 years ago) theories of origin, traditional California Native creation accounts.
    2. Culture stages: Paleo-Indian, Protoarchaic, Archaic, Formative (development of regional prehistoric cultures pre-contact 16th century North American indigenous cultures)
      1. Linguistic associations and history: representative groups, political and social structures, dwellings, subsistence, religions, life cycle, initial encounter with intruders by indigenous peoples of Southwest, Plains, Woodlands, and Northwest Coast
      2. Geographic cultural area California indigenous cultures: linguistic associations, history, representative groups, political and social organizations, dwellings, subsistence, religions, life cycle, traditions and practices, basketry, natural forces and native world view, traditional literature: regional patterns, sexual status and role differentiation, trade and trails
    3. Assess the characteristics and compare and contrast change and continuity in American Indian indigenous cultures contact through the present: technology, economy, sociopolitical organization, population and territory, war, trade and diplomacy, traditional religions and culture change of the Northeast, Plains, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest Coast, California-Great Basin, and Northwest Coast cultural areas: 1600 to present with special emphasis on California.
  3. Assess the nature of tribal cultures, with emphasis on conflicts, accommodations, changes in gender roles and views of sexual orientations in California Native American societies, through a historical study of Indian-global contacts (Spanish, Russian, Mexican and American colonization).
    1. Historical Study: Initial encounter with intruders: archaeological evidence from non-native sites and impact of Euro-American exploration and settlement; Spanish-Mexican documents; Russian: Ft. Ross and the Channel Islands; American Gold Rush period (1849 to 1880) manifest destiny and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; Alfred Kroeber, University of California, begins anthropological and ethnographic studies of California Native American cultures; historical demographic studies of diminishing population of California Native American populations
    2. Changes in Native American society resulting from contact with Europeans: deaths, colonialization, forced assimilation, economic integration, conflicts; gender roles and sexual orientations, influence of non-Indians on the natural environment, missionaries
  4. Examine the "history" of the Native American indigenous people of the San Francisco Bay Area and evaluate the effects of colonization, "mission-ization," genocide, assimilation, and other cultural disruptions.
    1. Ohlone pre-contact cultures and societies
    2. Ohlone contacts, intrusions, and colonizations: Spanish-Mexican "mission-ization" and secularization of the Missions; Anglo (American) assimilation and cultural revitalization.
  5. Consider and evaluate the legal status of the non-treaty California Indians through comparison with that of treaty tribes in California and other regions of the United States.
    1. Legal status of Native American treaty tribes in California and other regions of United States
    2. Legal status of non-treaty California Native Americans: 1853 cessation of treaty-making; non-federal recognition of tribes; establishment of rancherias and reservations; Land Claims Commission settlement, 1968; jurisdiction and federal recognition continue as major issues in the present; Termination (1958) and Relocation
  6. Consider and evaluate California Native American cultural, religious, and economic revitalization in the 21st century.
    1. Syncretic religions develop as result of contact with various sects of Christianity: Chiningichix, Ghost Dance, Bole Maru, Indian Shaker Church, Native American Church-Peyote
    2. Resurgence and revitalization of traditional California Native American beliefs and practices: government imposed ban of California Native American religion lifts; revitalization of traditional religious and cultural practices; litigation as a tool for regaining human, cultural and religious freedoms; and civil rights: desegregation, Lyng case.
    3. Recent issues
      1. Militarism: Alcatraz, Pit River and D.Q.U. occupations
      2. Urbanization as a result of US Relocation programs and services
      3. Fight for California Native American federal-recognition, which includes land-base issues
      4. Gaming on reservations and rancherias in Native American California; the 1996 anti-lottery bill
      5. Changes in gender roles and sexual orientations in California Native American society: establishment of the Gay American Indian Alliance (Two Spirits) in San Francisco
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